The gentleman's stable manual by Haycock William

Author:Haycock, William
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Tags: Horses
Publisher: London, Routledge, Warne. and Routledge
Published: 1861-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

Vig. 19. A diagram showing the position of the lungs and their outer or investing membrane,

a The Trachea. 65 The right and left bronchial

tubes goiug to. (X The right and left lungs. M The outer or investing membrane of the lungs, ceccce Dotted Hues showing the direction of the lungs cc heneaih, their investing membrane.

tubes hh, that as the former increases in quantity within the air-passages, the latter, being highly elastic, will necessarily increase in volume; and also, that anything which impedes this free expansion will be attended with proportionate distress to the animal. It will also be evident, that if any foreign agent should by accident or otherwise become fixed between the outer surfaces of the lungs cc, and the inner surfaces of their investing membranes dd, that according to the volume of this agent and its power of resistance, the expansion of the lungs will to a corresponding extent be prevented. Now this is precisely what occurs in Broken Wind. The walls of one or more of the inumerable air-cells or air-passages within the lungs are injured, either from over-distention or from disease ; and the consequence is that air escapes, and is confined between the outer surface of the lungs and their investing membrane dd, and this air not being allowed to return, or to escape in any other direction, presses upon the air-cells below, and by so doing narrows their calibre—thus preventing the organs from expanding to that extent necessary to the health and comfort of the animal. It is the presence of air between the hmgs and the pleura pulmonalis which constitutes Umphysema, and which alone constitutes Broken Wind.

Numerous causes of a permanent nature, and many of them of an obscure character, occasionally give rise to difficulty of breathing; and very learned veterinary writers endeavour to show that Broken "Wind is dependant upon them, and write volumes of losh to prove it; but true Broken Wind, we repeat' is dependant upon Emphysema of the Lungs.

Symptoms. —The symptoms of Broken Wind are—difficulty of breathing; the respirations are performed not only more frequently in a given time, but the respiratory act is difierently

aecomplislied. In cases of Broken Wind the ribs are elevated, and the intercostal spaces become plainly visible during the respiratory act. The act, indeed, as Blaine clearly states (although he is in error upon numerous matters respecting the affection), "is made up of three efforts instead of two. In the first, the air is drawn in naturally, and the flanks fill up as usual; but in the next, the falling of the flanks again to expel the air is most unusual,—for it is not done with a gradual contraction of the muscles, but takes place at once by a momentary effort; and then a third action takes place, which is slow but strong—drawing up the muscles ,of the belly, as though to press out remaining air."*

In addition to the above, other symptoms characteristic of the affection are present in every case of genuine Emphysema. The

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